SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY

Key Learning Objectives

• Asepsis, sterilization and appropriate antibiosis for surgical cases
• Surgical instrumentation and proper handling
• Different uses of sutures, needles, staples and clips
• Wound healing principles and how to apply them to clinical cases
• Principles of wound management and latest innovations

Key Learning Objectives

• Renal surgery principles and techniques
• Obstructive diseases of the urinary tract
• Management of urolithiasis
• Surgical options for urinary incontinence: colposuspension, TVT and urethral occluders
• Surgery of the male reproductive system – from prostatic omentalization to penile and preputial procedures
• Surgery of the female reproductive system – ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy

Key Learning Objectives

• Surgical approaches to salivary gland disease
• Esophageal disease - indications for surgical treatment
• Gastrotomy and gastrectomy - indications beyond GDV
• Small intestinal disease and how to minimize complications
• Ruptures and hernias

Key Learning Objectives

• Large intestinal surgery - differences between cats and dogs
• Surgical approaches to the rectum and anus
• Different options for liver surgery – suture, staples or electrosurgery
• Biliary tract surgery – anatomy and surgical options
• Pancreatic surgery
• Splenectomy - indications, techniques and alternatives to surgical removal

Key learning objectives

• Surgery of the lips, cheeks and tongue
• Surgical treatment of palatal abnormalities
• Maxillectomy and mandibulectomy
• Pharyngeal surgery and options for tonsillar surgery
• Aural surgery: lateral wall resection, vertical canal ablation, ventral bulla osteotomy, total canal ablation, lateral bulla osteotomy and approach to aural hematoma

Key learning objectives

• Conditions of the nasal planum according the animal´s age
• Indications for nasal sinuses surgery
• Brachycephalic airway syndrome
• Surgery of the larynx: paralysis, collapse, trauma, stenosis and neoplasia
• Surgery of the trachea: tracheotomy, tracheostomy, tracheal avulsion, collapse, resection/anastomosis, trauma, foreign bodies and neoplasia
   

Key learning objectives

• Peritonitis: pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment options
• Thoracic surgery:
  • Differences between small and large dogs
  • Thoracostomy for pneumothorax, pyothorax and chylothorax
  • Thoracotomia
  • Lung lobectomy
  • Pericardectomy
  • PDA 
  • PRAA - regurgitating patients and thoracotomy
  • Chylotorax 
  • Chest wall diseases

Key learning objectives

• Principles of oncologic surgery: approaches to the most common tumors seen in practice
• Latest treatment options for mast cell tumors
• Oral tumors - performing maxillectomy and mandibulectomy
• Gastrointestinal tumors
• Feline-specific tumors

Key Learning Objectives

• Tension relieving techniques:
  • Undermining
  • Tension relieving sutures
    • Walking sutures
    • Bolster / stent sutures
    • Continuous pretensioning sutures
  • Relaxing incisions
    • Multiple punctate relaxing incision
    • Simple relaxing incision
    • Z-plasty
    • V-Y plasty
• Wound closure:
  • Rectangle / square shape wound
  • Circular/crescent shape wound
• • Triangle shape wound
  • Dog ears
• Subdermal plexus flaps:
  • Advancement flaps
• • Rotation flap
  • Transposition flap
  • Interpolation flap
• Axial pattern flaps:
  • Thoracodorsal flap
  • Caudal superficial epigastric flap
• Skin graft:
  • Full-thickness meshed skin graft
  • Pinch and punch graft

Key Learning Objectives

• Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy
• Ventral bulla osteotomy 
• Lateral approach to the larynx and demonstration of unilateral arytenoid lateralization
• Thyroidectomy (modified extracapsular)
• Mandibular and sublingual sialadenectomy

Key Learning Objectives

• Thoracotomy:
  • Lateral intercostal thoracotomy
  • Median sternotomy
• Lung lobectomy:
  • Total lung lobectomy
• Pericardectomy:
  • Partial pericardectomy
• Thoracocentesis / Thoracic drain placement
• Abdominal drain placement

Key Learning Objectives

• Esophageal surgery: 
  • Esophageal tube placement
  • Approach to the cervical esophagus
  • Esophagotomy/ Esophagectomy
• Gastric surgery:
  • Gastrostomy tube placement
  • Gastrotomy/ Gastrectomy
  • Gastropexy (incisional)
• Intestinal surgery:
  • Enterotomy / Enterectomy
  • Intestinal biopsies

Key Learning Objectives

• Nephrectomy / Nephrotomy
• Renal biopsies
• Cystotomy/ Nystectomy
• Urethrostomy (paraescrotal in the dog and perineal in the cat)
• Cystostomy tube placement
• Urohydropulsion

Key learning objectives

• Shoulder conditions including luxation, osteochondrosis, dysplasia and excision arthroplasty surgery
• Elbow conditions including, luxations, IOHC, dysplasia, developmental disease and ununited anconeal process
• Developmental carpal disease, carpal hyperextension, arthrodesis and luxations of the carpus and foot
• Growth plate disorders

Key learning objectives

• Pros and cons of surgical options for the ruptured cruciate ligament
• Alternative causes of stifle dysfunction besides the cranial cruciate ligament
• Relate the underlying causes of patellar luxation with the appropriate surgical approach
• Hock anatomy - conditions that affect the joint including osteochondrosis and luxation
• Possible treatments for conditions that affect the hip including dysplasia and luxation
• Pros and cons of total hip replacement

Key learning objectives

• Initial assessment of the fractured patient
• Fracture classification
• Principles of fracture repair and practical applications
• Fracture fixation methods and implants including plating and external fixation devices

Key learning objectives

• Principles of fracture reduction, including both closed and open techniques
• Bone grafting - cancellous and cortical
• Fore and hindlimb specific fracture stabilization
• Clinical approaches to the following complications: Delayed union/Non-union/Mal-union/Osteomyelitis

Key learning objectives

• Systematic neurological exam and interpretation: localizing spinal lesions
• Application of neurodiagnostics
• Approach and management of paraplegia and tetraplegia
• Clinical approach to neurological emergencies, including cranial trauma and status epilepticus

 Key learning objectives

• Surgical options for spinal surgery according to site:
  • Cervical spine - Ventral slot procedure
  • Thoracolumbar spine - Hemilaminectomy 
  • Lumbosacral spine - Dorsal laminectomy 
• CSF tap and Myelography - landmarks for acquiring CSF samples and obtaining diagnostic myelograms 

Key learning objectives

• Application of cerclages and tension band fixations
• Application of positional and lag screws
• Tibial fractures:
  • Medial approach to the tibia
  • Application of a bone plate
• Radial fractures:
  • Cranio-medial / lateral approach to the radius
  • Application of a bone plate
• Femoral fractures:
  • Lateral approach to the femur
  • Application of a bone plate and an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)

Key learning objectives

• Humeral fractures:
  • Lateral approach to the humeral shaft
  • Application of a bone plate and  an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)
• Carpal joint:
  • Dorsal approach to the carpal joint
  • Pancarpal arthrodesis
  • Partial carpal arthrodesis
• Tarsus:
  • Medial and lateral approach to the tarsal joint
  • Pantarsal arthrodesis
  • Partial tarsal arthrodesis

Key learning objectives

• Cancellous bone grafting:
  • Harvest cancellous bone from the proximal humerus
• Review external fixation equipment:
  • Pins, bars and clamps
• Tibial Fracture:
  • Surgical repair with a type II linear frame
• Comminuted Radial Fracture:
  • Surgical repair with a type Ib linear frame

Key learning objectives

• Shoulder joint:
  • Caudolateral and craniomedial approach to the shoulder joint
  • Biceps tenotomy
• Elbow joint:
  • Medial and lateral approach to the elbow joint
  • Subtotal coronoidectomy
  • Lag screw fixation of UAP
  • Proximal / distal ulna osteotomy

Key learning objectives

• Hip joint:
  • Craniodorsal approach to the hip
  • FHNO
• Stifle joint:
  • Lateral approach to the stifle
  • Lateral fabello-tibial suture
  • Recession trochleoplasties
  • Tibial tuberosity transposition